Klint Finley
There is now growing evidence that cannabis use causes a small but reliable increase in the chance of developing psychosis. Traditionally, this was explained by the drug increasing dopamine levels in the brain but a new study shortly to be published in NeuroImage suggests that the active ingredient in cannabis doesn’t effect this important neurotransmitter.
Despite some dissenting voices, disruption to the mesolimbic dopamine pathway is widely thought to be the key problem in the development of delusions, hallucinations and the other psychotic symptoms commonly diagnosed as schizophrenia.
This has led to the assumption that the small increased risk of psychosis reliably associated with cannabis use is due to the drug increasing dopamine levels in a deep brain structure called the striatum.
In itself, this is partly based on another assumption - the virtual mantra of recreational drug research that ‘all drugs of abuse increase dopamine levels in the reward system’ of which the striatum is a part.
This new study, led by neuroscientist Paul Stokes, tested dopamine levels by using a type of PET brain scan where participants are injected with a radioactive tracer that binds to free dopamine receptors. Higher dopamine levels will mean that there are less free dopamine receptors and, therefore, lower tracer levels.
Mind Hacks: The straight dopamine theory could be up in smoke
Sunday, November 29, 2009
Cognitive Training Can Alter Biochemistry Of The Brain
Klint Finley
Follow-up related to the dual n-back test and its use in intelligence amplification:
Researchers at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet have shown for the first time that the active training of the working memory brings about visible changes in the number of dopamine receptors in the human brain. The study, which is published in the journal Science, was conducted with the help of PET scanning and provides deeper insight into the complex interplay between cognition and the brain’s biological structure. [...]
Professor Klingberg and his colleagues have previously shown that the working memory can be improved with a few weeks’ intensive training. Through a collaborative project conducted under the Stockholm Brain Institute, the researchers have now taken a step further and monitored the brain using Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans), and have confirmed that intensive brain training leads to a change in the number of dopamine D1 receptors in the cortex.
Science Daily: Cognitive Training Can Alter Biochemistry Of The Brain
Previously: Increase your intelligence with 20mins a day brain excerise
Follow-up related to the dual n-back test and its use in intelligence amplification:
Researchers at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet have shown for the first time that the active training of the working memory brings about visible changes in the number of dopamine receptors in the human brain. The study, which is published in the journal Science, was conducted with the help of PET scanning and provides deeper insight into the complex interplay between cognition and the brain’s biological structure. [...]
Professor Klingberg and his colleagues have previously shown that the working memory can be improved with a few weeks’ intensive training. Through a collaborative project conducted under the Stockholm Brain Institute, the researchers have now taken a step further and monitored the brain using Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans), and have confirmed that intensive brain training leads to a change in the number of dopamine D1 receptors in the cortex.
Science Daily: Cognitive Training Can Alter Biochemistry Of The Brain
Previously: Increase your intelligence with 20mins a day brain excerise
HOW DRUGS AFFECT NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Dopamine appeared very early in the course of evolution and is involved in many functions that are essential for survival of the organism, such as motricity, attentiveness, motivation, learning, and memorization. But most of all, dopamine is a key element in identifying natural rewards for the organism. These natural stimuli such as food and water cause individuals to engage in approach behaviours. Dopamine is also involved in unconscious memorization of signs associated with these rewards.
It has now been established that all substances that trigger dependencies in human beings increase the release of a neuromediator, dopamine, in a specific area of the brain: the nucleus accumbens. Lien: Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment
But not all drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain in the same way.
* Some substances imitate natural neuromediators and take their place on their receptors. Morphine, for example, binds to the receptors for endorphin (a natural "morphine" produced by the brain), while nicotine binds to the receptors for acetylcholine.
* Other substances increase the secretion of natural neuromediators. Cocaine, for example, mainly increases the amount of dopamine in the synapses, while ecstasy mainly increases the amount of serotonin.
* Still other substances block a natural neuromediator. Alcohol, for example, blocks the NMDA receptors.
Click on the names of each of the following drugs to read about how they work and what effects they have.
Alcohol ----- Opiates (heroin, morphine, etc.) ----- Cocaine ----- Nicotine
Caffeine ----- Amphetamines ----- Cannabis ----- Ecstasy ----- Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
Alcohol passes directly from the digestive tract into the blood vessels. In minutes, the blood transports the alcohol to all parts of the body, including the brain.
Alcohol affects the brain’s neurons in several ways. It alters their membranes as well as their ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. Alcohol also binds directly to the receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and the NMDA receptors for glutamate.
Click on the labels in the diagram to the right to see an animation about how alcohol affects a GABA synapse. GABA’s effect is to reduce neural activity by allowing chloride ions to enter the post-synaptic neuron. These ions have a negative electrical charge, which helps to make the neuron less excitable. This physiological effect is amplified when alcohol binds to the GABA receptor, probably because it enables the ion channel to stay open longer and thus let more Cl- ions into the cell.
The neuron’s activity would thus be further diminished, thus explaining the sedative effect of alcohol. This effect is accentuated because alcohol also reduces glutamate’s excitatory effect on NMDA receptors.
However, chronic consumption of alcohol gradually makes the NMDA receptors hypersensitive to glutamate while desensitizing the GABAergic receptors. It is this sort of adaptation that would cause the state of excitation characteristic of alcohol withdrawal.
Alcohol also helps to increase the release of dopamine, by a process that is still poorly understood but that appears to involve curtailing the activity of the enzyme that breaks dopamine down.
Cannabis
The sensations of slight euphoria, relaxation, and amplified auditory and visual perceptions produced by marijuana are due almost entirely to its effect on the cannabinoid receptors in the brain. These receptors are present almost everywhere in the brain, and an endogenous molecule that binds to them naturally has been identified: anandamide. We are thus dealing with the same kind of mechanism as in the case of opiates that bind directly to the receptors for endorphins, the body’s natural morphines.
Anandamide is involved in regulating mood, memory, appetite, pain, cognition, and emotions. When cannabis is introduced into the body, its active ingredient, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can therefore interfere with all of these functions.
THC begins this process by binding to the CB1 receptors for anandamide. These receptors then modify the activity of several intracellular enzymes, including cAMP, whose activity they reduce. Less cAMP means less protein kinase A. The reduced activity of this enzyme affects the potassium and calcium channels so as to reduce the amount of neurotransmitters released. The general excitability of the brain’s neural networks is thus reduced as well.
However, in the reward circuit, just as in the case of other drugs, more dopamine is released. As with opiates, this paradoxical increase is explained by the fact that the dopaminergic neurons in this circuit do not have CB1 receptors, but are normally inhibited by GABAergic neurons that do have them. The cannabis removes this inhibition by the GABA neurons and hence activates the dopamine neurons.
In chronic consumers of cannabis, the loss of CB1 receptors in the brain’s arteries reduces the flow of blood, and hence of glucose and oxygen, to the brain. The main results are attention deficits, memory loss, and impaired learning ability.
It has now been established that all substances that trigger dependencies in human beings increase the release of a neuromediator, dopamine, in a specific area of the brain: the nucleus accumbens. Lien: Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment
But not all drugs increase dopamine levels in the brain in the same way.
* Some substances imitate natural neuromediators and take their place on their receptors. Morphine, for example, binds to the receptors for endorphin (a natural "morphine" produced by the brain), while nicotine binds to the receptors for acetylcholine.
* Other substances increase the secretion of natural neuromediators. Cocaine, for example, mainly increases the amount of dopamine in the synapses, while ecstasy mainly increases the amount of serotonin.
* Still other substances block a natural neuromediator. Alcohol, for example, blocks the NMDA receptors.
Click on the names of each of the following drugs to read about how they work and what effects they have.
Alcohol ----- Opiates (heroin, morphine, etc.) ----- Cocaine ----- Nicotine
Caffeine ----- Amphetamines ----- Cannabis ----- Ecstasy ----- Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
Alcohol passes directly from the digestive tract into the blood vessels. In minutes, the blood transports the alcohol to all parts of the body, including the brain.
Alcohol affects the brain’s neurons in several ways. It alters their membranes as well as their ion channels, enzymes, and receptors. Alcohol also binds directly to the receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and the NMDA receptors for glutamate.
Click on the labels in the diagram to the right to see an animation about how alcohol affects a GABA synapse. GABA’s effect is to reduce neural activity by allowing chloride ions to enter the post-synaptic neuron. These ions have a negative electrical charge, which helps to make the neuron less excitable. This physiological effect is amplified when alcohol binds to the GABA receptor, probably because it enables the ion channel to stay open longer and thus let more Cl- ions into the cell.
The neuron’s activity would thus be further diminished, thus explaining the sedative effect of alcohol. This effect is accentuated because alcohol also reduces glutamate’s excitatory effect on NMDA receptors.
However, chronic consumption of alcohol gradually makes the NMDA receptors hypersensitive to glutamate while desensitizing the GABAergic receptors. It is this sort of adaptation that would cause the state of excitation characteristic of alcohol withdrawal.
Alcohol also helps to increase the release of dopamine, by a process that is still poorly understood but that appears to involve curtailing the activity of the enzyme that breaks dopamine down.
Cannabis
The sensations of slight euphoria, relaxation, and amplified auditory and visual perceptions produced by marijuana are due almost entirely to its effect on the cannabinoid receptors in the brain. These receptors are present almost everywhere in the brain, and an endogenous molecule that binds to them naturally has been identified: anandamide. We are thus dealing with the same kind of mechanism as in the case of opiates that bind directly to the receptors for endorphins, the body’s natural morphines.
Anandamide is involved in regulating mood, memory, appetite, pain, cognition, and emotions. When cannabis is introduced into the body, its active ingredient, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can therefore interfere with all of these functions.
THC begins this process by binding to the CB1 receptors for anandamide. These receptors then modify the activity of several intracellular enzymes, including cAMP, whose activity they reduce. Less cAMP means less protein kinase A. The reduced activity of this enzyme affects the potassium and calcium channels so as to reduce the amount of neurotransmitters released. The general excitability of the brain’s neural networks is thus reduced as well.
However, in the reward circuit, just as in the case of other drugs, more dopamine is released. As with opiates, this paradoxical increase is explained by the fact that the dopaminergic neurons in this circuit do not have CB1 receptors, but are normally inhibited by GABAergic neurons that do have them. The cannabis removes this inhibition by the GABA neurons and hence activates the dopamine neurons.
In chronic consumers of cannabis, the loss of CB1 receptors in the brain’s arteries reduces the flow of blood, and hence of glucose and oxygen, to the brain. The main results are attention deficits, memory loss, and impaired learning ability.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
The Report of the FCDA, Europe.
The Report
The Report of the FCDA, Europe.
Cannabis: The Facts, Human Rights And The Law;
K.E.A. d' Oudney, ALAM(hons) Dip GSA & J.R. d'Oudney
TEXTBOOK EXPOSITION on Cannabis in context of:
AGRICULTURE (Food) /CRIMINOLOGY / ECOLOGY / ECONOMICS
e.g. see below:-
ENGINEERING & METHANOL-FUEL TECHNOLOGY / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / HEALTH / HISTORY / LAW / MEDICINE / POLITICS / SOCIOLOGY.
For example, see in The Report: * Economics:
The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation (CBEE), given practical application in the Cannabis Biomass Resource and Pyrolysis Functions (CBRPF), explains and establishes, for the first time on record, how Cannabis, uniquely among plant species, produces fuel-energy cheaper per BTU than fossil fuels and uranium, and is capable of their economic replacement. Profound amelioration is made available to the world and its peoples from these facts, which are expounded in-depth. Chemistry: shows Cannabis-Methanol fuel-energy pollution-free, which will have stabilising result on Global Warming.
On Health / Medicine:The state-funded Empirical Studies completely vindicate cannabis. Official Findings of Fact: 1.) exonerate cannabis from all allegations of 'harm'; 2.) conclude from replicable, mental/physical co-ordination, memory and ability skill-tests that use of cannabis herb produces categorically no 'impairments', and 3.) confirm cannabis is profoundly benign to human Health. The Exonerative Studies are not promulgated by DEA, Home Office, CPS and others: perjury is thereby committed.
On Law: The Report exposes the fraudulent basis to the legislation; Lawyer's Guide: The Evidence which shows specific infractions of Common, Substantive and International Laws by this Prohibition, demonstrating the 'Act' as abrogate and its enforcement as constituting Crime per se. Evinces current ex parte tampering of the Trial by Jury (system) by State/judges producing foregone guilty 'verdicts'. Gives cogent references.
On Criminology: 1.) The Report reveals the utmost corrupt financial motivation from which spurious 'legislation' is contrived. The Report shows how mass false indoctrination of 'harm' is fabricated and Cannabis Prohibition comprises the greatest fraud of all time. 2.) Evidence presented shows that Prohibition per se engenders most of all peacetime Crime, both small-scale and Organised. Examines the complex of relationships between Prohibition, its enforcement and the Economics of the Black Market.
Much more information. Helpful Bibliography.
Presents case histories of patients' supervised uses: Statistics: superior efficacy in numerous treatments and conditions: Recommendations of US Judicial Review of modern medical applications.
"......a splendid job of producing a comprehensive summary of the evidence documenting that the current prohibition of the production, sale and use of cannabis is utterly unjustified and produces many harmful effects." Excerpt from Foreword by: Economics' Nobel Laureate Prof. Milton Friedman, Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Inst. on War, Revolution and Peace; Professor Emeritus, University of Chicago.
"a fine document", U.S. Judge's letter to Authors.
"The Report's thesis is sound." U.K. Judge's letter to Authors.
"Eloquent, I welcome the addition of this Report to the world's store of important writings", Don Doig, BS, US National Coordinator, Fully Informed Jury Association.
"I did enjoy reading it. The Report should contribute much", Ecologist and t.v.. broadcaster, the Hon. Jonathon Porritt, Bt.
"I am totally amazed at The Report's quality and overall goodness." Dr. Anne Biezanek, ChB, BSc, MB, MFHom.
The Report is being ordered by academics and public libraries worldwide and has recently been purchased by the House of Lords and the Library of Congress.
TO ORDER NOW
Cannabis: The Report of the FCDA Europe PAPERBACK~
(Usually dispatched in 2-3 days)
Kenn D'Oudney, Joanna D'Oudney / Published 2000
Our Price: £19.95
Cannabis: The Report of the FCDA Europe HARDCOVER~
(Usually dispatched in 24 hours)
Kenn D'Oudney, Joanna D'Oudney / Published 2000
Our Price: £29.95
The Report of the FCDA, Europe.
Cannabis: The Facts, Human Rights And The Law;
K.E.A. d' Oudney, ALAM(hons) Dip GSA & J.R. d'Oudney
TEXTBOOK EXPOSITION on Cannabis in context of:
AGRICULTURE (Food) /CRIMINOLOGY / ECOLOGY / ECONOMICS
e.g. see below:-
ENGINEERING & METHANOL-FUEL TECHNOLOGY / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / HEALTH / HISTORY / LAW / MEDICINE / POLITICS / SOCIOLOGY.
For example, see in The Report: * Economics:
The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation (CBEE), given practical application in the Cannabis Biomass Resource and Pyrolysis Functions (CBRPF), explains and establishes, for the first time on record, how Cannabis, uniquely among plant species, produces fuel-energy cheaper per BTU than fossil fuels and uranium, and is capable of their economic replacement. Profound amelioration is made available to the world and its peoples from these facts, which are expounded in-depth. Chemistry: shows Cannabis-Methanol fuel-energy pollution-free, which will have stabilising result on Global Warming.
On Health / Medicine:The state-funded Empirical Studies completely vindicate cannabis. Official Findings of Fact: 1.) exonerate cannabis from all allegations of 'harm'; 2.) conclude from replicable, mental/physical co-ordination, memory and ability skill-tests that use of cannabis herb produces categorically no 'impairments', and 3.) confirm cannabis is profoundly benign to human Health. The Exonerative Studies are not promulgated by DEA, Home Office, CPS and others: perjury is thereby committed.
On Law: The Report exposes the fraudulent basis to the legislation; Lawyer's Guide: The Evidence which shows specific infractions of Common, Substantive and International Laws by this Prohibition, demonstrating the 'Act' as abrogate and its enforcement as constituting Crime per se. Evinces current ex parte tampering of the Trial by Jury (system) by State/judges producing foregone guilty 'verdicts'. Gives cogent references.
On Criminology: 1.) The Report reveals the utmost corrupt financial motivation from which spurious 'legislation' is contrived. The Report shows how mass false indoctrination of 'harm' is fabricated and Cannabis Prohibition comprises the greatest fraud of all time. 2.) Evidence presented shows that Prohibition per se engenders most of all peacetime Crime, both small-scale and Organised. Examines the complex of relationships between Prohibition, its enforcement and the Economics of the Black Market.
Much more information. Helpful Bibliography.
Presents case histories of patients' supervised uses: Statistics: superior efficacy in numerous treatments and conditions: Recommendations of US Judicial Review of modern medical applications.
"......a splendid job of producing a comprehensive summary of the evidence documenting that the current prohibition of the production, sale and use of cannabis is utterly unjustified and produces many harmful effects." Excerpt from Foreword by: Economics' Nobel Laureate Prof. Milton Friedman, Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Inst. on War, Revolution and Peace; Professor Emeritus, University of Chicago.
"a fine document", U.S. Judge's letter to Authors.
"The Report's thesis is sound." U.K. Judge's letter to Authors.
"Eloquent, I welcome the addition of this Report to the world's store of important writings", Don Doig, BS, US National Coordinator, Fully Informed Jury Association.
"I did enjoy reading it. The Report should contribute much", Ecologist and t.v.. broadcaster, the Hon. Jonathon Porritt, Bt.
"I am totally amazed at The Report's quality and overall goodness." Dr. Anne Biezanek, ChB, BSc, MB, MFHom.
The Report is being ordered by academics and public libraries worldwide and has recently been purchased by the House of Lords and the Library of Congress.
TO ORDER NOW
Cannabis: The Report of the FCDA Europe PAPERBACK~
(Usually dispatched in 2-3 days)
Kenn D'Oudney, Joanna D'Oudney / Published 2000
Our Price: £19.95
Cannabis: The Report of the FCDA Europe HARDCOVER~
(Usually dispatched in 24 hours)
Kenn D'Oudney, Joanna D'Oudney / Published 2000
Our Price: £29.95
THE REPORT
by Kenn d’Oudney, ALAM(Hons) Dip. GSA
& Joanna d’Oudney.
ISBN 9781902848204
Click here to enlarge cover image of THE REPORT.
Large size Paperback.
If you already know about THE REPORT and wish to obtain it, click here.
- REVIEWS AND ENDORSEMENTS -
"You have done a splendid job of producing a comprehensive summary of the evidence documenting that the prohibition of the production, sale and use of cannabis is utterly unjustified and produces many harmful effects. Any impartial person reading your REPORT will almost certainly end up favouring the re-legalisation of cannabis."
NOBEL LAUREATE PROFESSOR MILTON FRIEDMAN, Economics’ Adviser to U.S. government; Author, video and TV series writer and presenter; Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace; Professor Emeritus, University of Chicago.
"You represent a worthy part of the fight in many countries for the logical and beneficial use of cannabis. I thank you for that."
PROFESSOR PATRICK D. WALL, Author; Professor of Physiology, UMDS St. Thomas’s (Teaching) Hospital, London; Fellow of the Royal Society; DM, FRCP.
"I am totally amazed at THE REPORT’s quality and overall goodness."
DR. ANNE BIEZANEK, Authoress; ChB, BSc, MB, MFHom.
"A fine document."
U.S. JUDGE’s letter to Authors.
"THE REPORT’s thesis is sound."
U.K. JUDGE’s letter to Authors.
"I did enjoy reading it. THE REPORT should contribute much."
THE HON. JONATHON PORRITT, Bt., Adviser to U.K. government on Environment; Author; Founder, Friends of the Earth; TV series writer and presenter.
[Readers should take note that cannabis, marijuana, hemp and ganja are all terms describing the same plant and its products.]
Some Inside Information...
THE REPORT includes a comprehensive collation of the official FINDINGS OF FACT and Conclusions of the medico-scientific clinical empirical studies conducted by world-respected U.S. academic and research institutions into the smoking of cannabis (marihuana).
The expert Empirical Studies [i.e. the clinical monitored research of ‘hands-on’ actual long and short-term use by human test subjects] are DEFINITIVE. These unanimously conclude: firstly, the benign nature of the non-addictive, non-toxic herb; secondly, numerous efficacious applications in curative and preventive medicine (cf. official Pharmacopoeias), replacing lucrative lines of toxic, addictive ineffectual pharmaceutical laboratory-derived chemical drugs; and thirdly, the complete exoneration of cannabis from ‘skill impairment’ (including driving tests) and all allegations of mental or physical ‘harm’, from ‘danger’, ‘carcinosis’, ‘psychosis’, ‘amotivation’, ‘abuse’, and ‘misuse’, etc. Full technical and scientific attribution for these Findings of Fact is given in THE REPORT; see Parts One through Six; and Index & Bibliography.
Although the official Empirical Studies investigate and categorically refute all allegations of ‘harm’ and ‘impairment’, nevertheless, those representing the financial interests of government, of pharmaceutical corporations, and of others, mendaciously circulate the derogatory fictions which do not come from and are dismissed by the definitive empirical studies.
Faced with this shocking discrepancy between exonerative facts and malindoctrination, people find themselves perplexed and ask "if cannabis is clinically proven to be harmless, why does the government say the contrary and punish innocent people ?" THE REPORT reveals that the disinformation results from a massive but concealed motive.
When investigating allegations of "impairment," clinician-professors relate how, on occasion, research subjects enjoying effects and thinking themselves "too stoned" to perform adequately, would ask to be excused the tests, which were still insisted upon. Then, on testing, the subjects were surprised to find themselves able to perform as well as, or better than without marijuana. This finding proved to be replicable. That even the regular users were "surprised" their tests’ results confirmed no decrements derive from use of cannabis, indicates they had been prepossessed by the false indoctrination.
THE REPORT investigates laboratory toxic chemical extract THC, which, within the plant itself, is compounded into a harmless chemically different form. THC studies are perjuriously ‘extrapolated’ as "new research on cannabis." THE REPORT also investigates the other sources of the ongoing fabricated derogation of cannabis.
Cannabis is officially exempted from all legislation, regulation or control founded on ‘harm’ criteria. All private cultivation, trade, possession and use are vindicated. Based on the research-established esoteric Empirical Evidence, THE REPORT is an authoritative insight into the real, but concealed, illegal reason behind Prohibition: ulterior money-motive.
Click here to read the Exonerative Clinical Findings of Fact:
Official Exemption of Cannabis from Legislation of Control (‘Prohibition’)
THE REPORT’s analysis covers all the uses of cannabis.
Technical, scientific source references and attribution given. Index and helpful large Bibliography.
Secondary/ Undergraduate/ PostGraduate/ General and Professional readership.
THE REPORT has been purchased by the U.S. Library of Congress, the U.S. National Library, the British Government Home Office (ISDD), Scottish Office (Home Affairs), House of Lords (U.K. parliament), Harvard University School of Medicine, the University of Cambridge Institute of Criminology, and EuroPol, etc. THE REPORT is being ordered by academic, law, and medical libraries, and by institutional, government, public and school libraries, and by individual readers worldwide.
THE REPORT is comprised of Seven Parts and gives an in-depth analysis of all the various aspects and uses of cannabis.
ULTERIOR MOTIVE BEHIND
PROHIBITION.
Amongst other important revelations and evidence disclosed by THE REPORT, see the following excerpts from Part Two:
THE CANNABIS BIOMASS ENERGY EQUATION
SCIENTIFIC SOLUTION TO THE WORLD CRISIS.
Modern Uses of Cannabis.
"For Mankind’s macroeconomic requirements, energy derived from cannabis is cheaper than energy from coal, oil, natural gas, uranium, wind and wave-power, ethanol, geo-thermal, bio-diesel and pressed-seed vegetable oils, hydrogen-from-water electrical separation, etc. Cannabis is the most economical resource to fuel and energy known to Mankind. Cannabis-Methanol provides fuel which is pollution-free."
These statements are demonstrated as fact, for the first time on record, by the analysis given which comprises The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation (CBEE), in Part Two of THE REPORT.
"To the question, ‘Scientific Solution—why cannabis ?’— the answer follows:"
"Firstly, Cannabis Sativa is the most prolific and quick-growing bulk-producing wood-plant species. Secondly, the best explanation of how cannabis can replace Mankind’s misuse of fossils and uranium as ‘fuel’, is contained in the following axiom:"
"Everything which is derived from hydrocarbons can also be derived from carbohydrates."
"Carbohydrates are the basis of biomass; that is, organic material, plants and organisms. Oil and coal are fossilised biomass. All are carbon-based matter. Commercial goods (plastics, man-made fibres, products, paints, chemicals, etc.) fuel, and energy now extracted from oil and coal can equally be produced from fresh, recently grown biomass. The technical viability of biomass as a resource to fuel and energy is well established and demonstrated."
[See techno-scientific bibliography in THE REPORT.]
The Pyrolytic Reactor
A Fractionating Column for the
Destructive Distillation of Biomass
to Obtain Fuel & Products.
After a diagram by J. Osburn. See The CBEE, Part Two of THE REPORT.
‘THC-rich’ Cannabis Sativa grows up to and over 15 feet (c. 5 metres) in height without fertiliser in a single season (4 months), yielding:
~delectable protein-rich meat-substitute staple seed food (no relaxant in seed and similar to soya), producing ‘meat-loaf’, cereals, nut-butter, plant milk, yoghurt-curds, cold-pressed vegetable oil for cuisine; contains the requisite amino acids essential to the effective functioning of the human immune system;
~cellulose-rich bulk wood-hurds for virtually unlimited quantities of pyrolytic cannabis-methanol fuel and lubricants for all industrial and domestic electricity generation and transportation requirements;
~hurds for cellulosic polymerisation producing plastics (all types), man-made fibres (e.g. nylon), resins, varnish and paints;
~hurds as a superior resource to trees for paper, newsprint and card;
~hurds for chipboard modern furniture materials; and,
~juvenile to mature plants yield all grades of natural fibre for textiles, clothing, velours, etc. (also see Dresden Cotton ®).
U.S. Department of Agriculture. See The CBEE, Part Two of THE REPORT.
77 to 80 per cent of the biomass of cannabis is comprised of cellulose, a carbohydrate ideal for conversion into the hydrocarbons of fuel. Improved on by modern techniques to achieve efficient conversion of biomass into fuel, pyrolysis is one of Mankind’s earliest technologies, an ancient skill used in Pharaonic times to produce oleaginous embalming fluid for mummification. The same process is used today to refine oil.
Pyrolysis should not be confused with bio-chemical conversion (fermentation) of sugar-to-alcohol which is a capital-investment intensive (costly), slow, and itself an energy-consuming method producing the inferior ethanol not methanol. By contrast, pyrolysis produces the variety of liquid fuels and lubricants type-similar to gasoline and subterranean oil, but without pollution.
Pyrolysis is the decomposing of biomass (fresh or fossil) by the heat of anaerobic (reduced air) combustion which converts organic material into gases and/or fuel oils.
In this way, Cannabis Biomass is the direct substitute for the fossilised biomass of coal and petroleum. With the hot ‘off-gases’ collected, which cool to condense into liquid fuels, pyrolysis is also known in modern refining as ‘thermochemical decomposition’ or as ‘wood distillation’, or as ‘destructive distillation’.
Methanol has been the official fuel to power the racing cars of the famed Indy 500 Series for the last thirty years. Ridiculously, because of prohibition, it is synthesised by costly energy-consuming industrial procedures from subterranean oil, instead of from cost-free by-products of cannabis.
THE FREE SOURCE OF WORLD FUEL-ENERGY.
N.B. When cannabis is cultivated for its profitable nutritious seed-food (which, as noted, does not contain relaxant ingredients), all the by-products listed above (which are source to literally thousands of commerical products), are derived from a resource which is thus production-cost-free (i.e. free).
To recapitulate, the free fibres and free cellulose-rich wood-hurd bulk residues, flowertops and foliage, yield economical (cheap) cannabis products which include the illimitable fuel and energy, all types of plastic products, fine-grade yarn and Dresden Cotton ®, textiles, paper, cardboard, newsprint, man-made fibres (by cellulosic polymerisation, e.g. nylon), medication, lightweight building materials (Isochanvre ®) etc.
A. The U.S. National "Soil Bank’s" registered fallow land (circa 89 million acres) can be planted with soil-enriching, non-depletive cannabis as a fallow rotation crop, producing enough Cannabis-Methanol, oil, lubricants and BTU-gas for all North American land, sea and air transportation requirements.
B. Dresden Cotton ® is the name given to the textile product made by the cheap cold-chlorination process which converts (production-cost-free, i.e. free) cannabis fibres, making them indistinguishable from cotton. By adding the Mississippi Cotton Region to the acreage of the national Soil Bank, sufficient cannabis fuel is produced for all foreseeable U.S. power-plant production of electricity for industrial and domestic use.
Ergo: The energy-voracious U.S. nation thereby becomes not only self-sufficient, but a net fuel-energy exporter -- without planting up a single new acre nor subtracting land area from current food production.
Cannabis Sativa Hemp Cannot Be Patented;
and It Can Be Cultivated Easily Everywhere.
NOTE. Correctly-speaking, hemp and cannabis are synonymous (i.e., words of the same meaning). The word ‘hemp’ is the ancient and modern Anglo-Saxon English word for the genus named cannabis by the Science of Botany, and includes all varieties and species. Marijuana (‘Mary-Jane’) is merely a Mexican colloquialism. The U.S. and U.K. legislation of control (prohibition) is an incompetent tangle of incorrectitude and perjuries.
THE REPORT, Cannabis: The Facts, Human Rights and the Law ISBN 9781902848204 is about cannabis sativa / hemp. Sativa is the smoker’s preferred variety for personal relaxant or medication, and includes all the various species popularly called ‘skunk’.
This very same variety, Sativa, is also the superior species for all industrial purposes, providing profitable nutritious staple seed-food (which does not contain relaxant); and the production-cost-free (i.e. FREE) by-product, cellulose-rich wood-hurds, as the biomass resource to fuel-energy, plastics, paper, etc.
"Industrial hemp," which is the ‘THC-free’ ruderalis and related hybrids, is licensed in some countries and comprises a puny species, low in yield of seed, fibre, and not more than 50-60 per cent (including roots) of the biomass bulk of the real cannabis sativa. In France and Germany we have visited farms where it is cultivated. This so-called "industrial hemp" is hopelessly inadequate for the industrial uses for which it purports to be licensed. The word "industrial" applied to this weak, measly plant, is a misnomer deliberately employed to mislead farmers (and others) into thinking it could be sufficiently productive for industrial purposes.
The ‘THC-free’ "industrial hemp" will not go far to replace oil, coal, and uranium for fuel-energy; nor provide the food staple needed by the starving millions; let alone stopping the use of trees for paper, resourcing the lightweight building material, Isochanvre ®, the modern furniture materials, and replacing oil for plastics and man-made fibres, and so on.
If this phony "industrial" hemp ever gets fully legalised it will be a foregone failure -- and that is exactly what the government-corporate vested interests intend.
By contrast, Cannabis Sativa Hemp is the full-blooded relaxant plant. It grows prolifically up to and over 15 feet (c. 5 metres), and has the relaxant and health-promoting properties. Yet, approximately half the weight of the large female plant at maturity is comprised of seed, rich in the amino acids requisite for the correct functioning of the human immune system.
NET ZERO-EMISSION CANNABIS.
Combustion of Cannabis-Methanol, CH3OH, emits only water H2O (as steam) and carbon dioxide CO2. Regarding CO2 emission, on combustion, the carbon bonds with oxygen: CO2 is released into the atmosphere; but, an equivalent quantity of carbon is absorbed by the next fuel-crop in cultivation. This is termed a ‘closed-cycle’ to signify no net increase of atmospheric CO2 is produced by the use of cannabis for fuels. Similarly, the cannabis crop itself has been formed by photosynthesis, subtracting from carbon already in the atmosphere.
Misuse of uranium and the finite, diminishing quantity of astronomically-priced fossils as ‘fuel’, benefits only the government-corporate Owners of these poisoning underground minerals; absolutely nobody else…
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"From the early hunter-gatherer, nomadic, and tribal agrarian forms of human organisation, to the establishment of permanent urban communities, through the Ancient and Medieval Eras, the small numbers of people on our planet relied principally for their energy supplies upon the abundance of trees and firewood. Demand for fuel-energy was limited and easily satisfied. Fuel was a trifling factor in the Cost of Production of artefacts."
"In the Modern Era, local forests having been felled, growing populations availed themselves of coal, oil, natural gas and, eventually, uranium. The disadvantages of nuclear fission, not least of which involves the inevitable proliferation of plutonium availability (the matter of hydrogen fusion bombs) swiftly made themselves evident. Not so obvious, at first, was the danger from the misuse of fossils as ‘fuel’, which has given rise to the destructive phenomenon, Global Warming, a threat of gravest potential to the ecosphere [the atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environment]."
MACROECONOMICS:
ULTERIOR MONEY-MOTIVE.
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"Hegemony, in the physical rather than moral sense, that is, politico-military power and leadership, derives from ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of wealth. Appropriation, or misappropriation, of the sources of fuel-energy became crucial to those with commercial interest and/or political ambition.
Acquisition of Ownership of subterranean minerals was facilitated by the expedient of government legislation and by monopoly: the licensing of preferred (state or private) corporations to exclusive trade in the invaluable energy resources. Thus, the People are forced to pay two ‘Owners’ for fuel."
"Governments’ fiscal intervention (exorbitant duties, taxation) has led to fuel-energy becoming the principal component in the industrial production of wealth, today accounting for not less than four-fifths (4/5) of the Cost of Production of Gross World Product: all extracted resources, commercial goods, food and services."
The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation shows readers of THE REPORT (with instructions and diagrams) how Cannabis-Methanol is easily made at home or anywhere for free in a simple cast-iron oven, RELEGALISATION achieving the Universal Re-Democratisation of Fuel-Energy Production (URFEP). This yields to domestic, small-scale and localised private enterprises, the profits which currently accrue undeservedly to giant corporations and oil-producing countries’ governments.
The CBEE proffers free and duty-free fuel everywhere; it makes the outrageous duties and taxes on fuel uncollectable; and it eliminates the unwarranted government-corporate monopolistic stranglehold on fuel-energy supply.
The well-supported CBEE © is not available in any other author’s work. (See Reviews and Endorsements above.)
The unnatural political intervention in the cost of fuel-energy is counter-productive, causing a crushing disincentive to the world’s production of wealth, food and material goods. It produces poor people everywhere, poverty and famine on the world scale. Moreover, politicians compound their traitorous, judicable inhumanity with abject corruption and ulterior crime:
Susceptible, manipulated and overwhelmed by their venality, and intensely driven by the desire to retain the hegemony which derives from monopoly and control over fuel-energy supply, government-corporate vested interests of all political persuasions install the fraudulent Prohibition of the world’s most prolific and economical fuel-energy resource: cannabis sativa.
Not only the U.S., Britain, India, Japan and the industrialised world, but also the other peoples of Asia, Africa and South America should take special note:
THE REPORT’s legal studies and exposition, together with the Economics of The CBEE and its associated political and social facts, amount to a philosophy and a unique solution: The RESTORATION Program. Adoption of this Program proffers a beneficent transformation to mankind’s socio-political modus vivendi, and to the global economy. It enables an exponential amelioration of the entire world population’s Standard of Living, while simultaneously eradicating poverty and famine.
THE REPORT quotes legal grounds (national and international) which demonstrate numerous infractions of laws by the prohibition legislation, and which show all acts of its enforcement to be crime per se. All citizens persecuted thereunder are due Amnesty and Restitution (as for other Wrongful Penalisation).
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"Cannabis Prohibition is the greatest fraud of all time: the pernicious effects of this crime are myriad, extreme and ubiquitous. Readers assimilate that Prohibition is the direct cause of: War (e.g. Iraqi invasion of Kuwait to acquire hegemony over oil); Crime; astronomical world energy, resource and food prices, with disastrous and homicidal corollary effects; world poverty; world famine; industrial and automotive emissions poisoning air; photochemical smog and Acid Rain; desertification; the Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming and fatally catastrophic weather; and that RESTORATION is the immediate Scientific Solution."
With modern technical and scientific evidence, collated from the esoteric Findings of Fact and Conclusions of the empirical studies conducted by world-respected academic and research institutions, presented in consideration of existing laws, national and international, THE REPORT ISBN 9781902848204 constitutes the formal public indictment of Western (and other) governments: i.e. the money-motivated prohibitionists who have framed and maintain legislation which is demonstrated by THE REPORT to be unfounded, crime-producing, inequitable, venal, and perjurious.
Incidentally, by RELEGALISATION each continent is capable of producing surplus cannabis-fuel for all energy needs, which eliminates transport by ocean-going oil-tankers, rendering their related environmental disasters a thing of the past. By their Prohibition, politicians are directly accountable for all the repeated ecological catastrophes.
Implementation of The RESTORATION Program delineated in THE REPORT will radically ameliorate the entire world population’s quality of life.
THE REPORT. Exposition on Cannabis in contexts of:
AGRICULTURE (FOOD)/ ALCOHOL/ ALTERNATIVE ENERGY/
CANNABIS BIOMASS ENERGY EQUATION (CBEE)/
CANNABIS BIOMASS RESOURCE & PYROLYSIS FUNCTIONS (CBRPF)/
CANNABIS-METHANOL (RENEWABLE POLLUTION-FREE) FUEL
TECHNOLOGY/ CLIMATE CHANGE/ CONSTITUTION/ CRIMINOLOGY/
‘DECRIMINALISATION’ (THE FALLACY OF)/ ECOLOGY/
ECONOMICS/ EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS OF FACT, DEFINITIVE/
ENVIRONMENT/ GANJA/ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE/
GLOBAL WARMING/ GREENHOUSE EFFECT/ HEALTH/ HEMP/ HISTORY/
ILLEGALITY OF THE STATUS QUO, THE/
JURY NULLIFICATION/ LAW/ MARIJUANA/ MEDICINE/
NATURAL RESOURCES/ POLITICS/ POT/
PROHIBITION: THE PROGENITOR OF CRIME/ RELEGALISATION/
SATIVA/ SINGLE CONVENTION TREATY/ SOCIOLOGY/ TOBACCO/
TRIAL BY JURY/
UNIVERSAL RE-DEMOCRATISATION OF FUEL-ENERGY PRODUCTION (URFEP)/
WAR ON DRUGS
& Joanna d’Oudney.
ISBN 9781902848204
Click here to enlarge cover image of THE REPORT.
Large size Paperback.
If you already know about THE REPORT and wish to obtain it, click here.
- REVIEWS AND ENDORSEMENTS -
"You have done a splendid job of producing a comprehensive summary of the evidence documenting that the prohibition of the production, sale and use of cannabis is utterly unjustified and produces many harmful effects. Any impartial person reading your REPORT will almost certainly end up favouring the re-legalisation of cannabis."
NOBEL LAUREATE PROFESSOR MILTON FRIEDMAN, Economics’ Adviser to U.S. government; Author, video and TV series writer and presenter; Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace; Professor Emeritus, University of Chicago.
"You represent a worthy part of the fight in many countries for the logical and beneficial use of cannabis. I thank you for that."
PROFESSOR PATRICK D. WALL, Author; Professor of Physiology, UMDS St. Thomas’s (Teaching) Hospital, London; Fellow of the Royal Society; DM, FRCP.
"I am totally amazed at THE REPORT’s quality and overall goodness."
DR. ANNE BIEZANEK, Authoress; ChB, BSc, MB, MFHom.
"A fine document."
U.S. JUDGE’s letter to Authors.
"THE REPORT’s thesis is sound."
U.K. JUDGE’s letter to Authors.
"I did enjoy reading it. THE REPORT should contribute much."
THE HON. JONATHON PORRITT, Bt., Adviser to U.K. government on Environment; Author; Founder, Friends of the Earth; TV series writer and presenter.
[Readers should take note that cannabis, marijuana, hemp and ganja are all terms describing the same plant and its products.]
Some Inside Information...
THE REPORT includes a comprehensive collation of the official FINDINGS OF FACT and Conclusions of the medico-scientific clinical empirical studies conducted by world-respected U.S. academic and research institutions into the smoking of cannabis (marihuana).
The expert Empirical Studies [i.e. the clinical monitored research of ‘hands-on’ actual long and short-term use by human test subjects] are DEFINITIVE. These unanimously conclude: firstly, the benign nature of the non-addictive, non-toxic herb; secondly, numerous efficacious applications in curative and preventive medicine (cf. official Pharmacopoeias), replacing lucrative lines of toxic, addictive ineffectual pharmaceutical laboratory-derived chemical drugs; and thirdly, the complete exoneration of cannabis from ‘skill impairment’ (including driving tests) and all allegations of mental or physical ‘harm’, from ‘danger’, ‘carcinosis’, ‘psychosis’, ‘amotivation’, ‘abuse’, and ‘misuse’, etc. Full technical and scientific attribution for these Findings of Fact is given in THE REPORT; see Parts One through Six; and Index & Bibliography.
Although the official Empirical Studies investigate and categorically refute all allegations of ‘harm’ and ‘impairment’, nevertheless, those representing the financial interests of government, of pharmaceutical corporations, and of others, mendaciously circulate the derogatory fictions which do not come from and are dismissed by the definitive empirical studies.
Faced with this shocking discrepancy between exonerative facts and malindoctrination, people find themselves perplexed and ask "if cannabis is clinically proven to be harmless, why does the government say the contrary and punish innocent people ?" THE REPORT reveals that the disinformation results from a massive but concealed motive.
When investigating allegations of "impairment," clinician-professors relate how, on occasion, research subjects enjoying effects and thinking themselves "too stoned" to perform adequately, would ask to be excused the tests, which were still insisted upon. Then, on testing, the subjects were surprised to find themselves able to perform as well as, or better than without marijuana. This finding proved to be replicable. That even the regular users were "surprised" their tests’ results confirmed no decrements derive from use of cannabis, indicates they had been prepossessed by the false indoctrination.
THE REPORT investigates laboratory toxic chemical extract THC, which, within the plant itself, is compounded into a harmless chemically different form. THC studies are perjuriously ‘extrapolated’ as "new research on cannabis." THE REPORT also investigates the other sources of the ongoing fabricated derogation of cannabis.
Cannabis is officially exempted from all legislation, regulation or control founded on ‘harm’ criteria. All private cultivation, trade, possession and use are vindicated. Based on the research-established esoteric Empirical Evidence, THE REPORT is an authoritative insight into the real, but concealed, illegal reason behind Prohibition: ulterior money-motive.
Click here to read the Exonerative Clinical Findings of Fact:
Official Exemption of Cannabis from Legislation of Control (‘Prohibition’)
THE REPORT’s analysis covers all the uses of cannabis.
Technical, scientific source references and attribution given. Index and helpful large Bibliography.
Secondary/ Undergraduate/ PostGraduate/ General and Professional readership.
THE REPORT has been purchased by the U.S. Library of Congress, the U.S. National Library, the British Government Home Office (ISDD), Scottish Office (Home Affairs), House of Lords (U.K. parliament), Harvard University School of Medicine, the University of Cambridge Institute of Criminology, and EuroPol, etc. THE REPORT is being ordered by academic, law, and medical libraries, and by institutional, government, public and school libraries, and by individual readers worldwide.
THE REPORT is comprised of Seven Parts and gives an in-depth analysis of all the various aspects and uses of cannabis.
ULTERIOR MOTIVE BEHIND
PROHIBITION.
Amongst other important revelations and evidence disclosed by THE REPORT, see the following excerpts from Part Two:
THE CANNABIS BIOMASS ENERGY EQUATION
SCIENTIFIC SOLUTION TO THE WORLD CRISIS.
Modern Uses of Cannabis.
"For Mankind’s macroeconomic requirements, energy derived from cannabis is cheaper than energy from coal, oil, natural gas, uranium, wind and wave-power, ethanol, geo-thermal, bio-diesel and pressed-seed vegetable oils, hydrogen-from-water electrical separation, etc. Cannabis is the most economical resource to fuel and energy known to Mankind. Cannabis-Methanol provides fuel which is pollution-free."
These statements are demonstrated as fact, for the first time on record, by the analysis given which comprises The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation (CBEE), in Part Two of THE REPORT.
"To the question, ‘Scientific Solution—why cannabis ?’— the answer follows:"
"Firstly, Cannabis Sativa is the most prolific and quick-growing bulk-producing wood-plant species. Secondly, the best explanation of how cannabis can replace Mankind’s misuse of fossils and uranium as ‘fuel’, is contained in the following axiom:"
"Everything which is derived from hydrocarbons can also be derived from carbohydrates."
"Carbohydrates are the basis of biomass; that is, organic material, plants and organisms. Oil and coal are fossilised biomass. All are carbon-based matter. Commercial goods (plastics, man-made fibres, products, paints, chemicals, etc.) fuel, and energy now extracted from oil and coal can equally be produced from fresh, recently grown biomass. The technical viability of biomass as a resource to fuel and energy is well established and demonstrated."
[See techno-scientific bibliography in THE REPORT.]
The Pyrolytic Reactor
A Fractionating Column for the
Destructive Distillation of Biomass
to Obtain Fuel & Products.
After a diagram by J. Osburn. See The CBEE, Part Two of THE REPORT.
‘THC-rich’ Cannabis Sativa grows up to and over 15 feet (c. 5 metres) in height without fertiliser in a single season (4 months), yielding:
~delectable protein-rich meat-substitute staple seed food (no relaxant in seed and similar to soya), producing ‘meat-loaf’, cereals, nut-butter, plant milk, yoghurt-curds, cold-pressed vegetable oil for cuisine; contains the requisite amino acids essential to the effective functioning of the human immune system;
~cellulose-rich bulk wood-hurds for virtually unlimited quantities of pyrolytic cannabis-methanol fuel and lubricants for all industrial and domestic electricity generation and transportation requirements;
~hurds for cellulosic polymerisation producing plastics (all types), man-made fibres (e.g. nylon), resins, varnish and paints;
~hurds as a superior resource to trees for paper, newsprint and card;
~hurds for chipboard modern furniture materials; and,
~juvenile to mature plants yield all grades of natural fibre for textiles, clothing, velours, etc. (also see Dresden Cotton ®).
U.S. Department of Agriculture. See The CBEE, Part Two of THE REPORT.
77 to 80 per cent of the biomass of cannabis is comprised of cellulose, a carbohydrate ideal for conversion into the hydrocarbons of fuel. Improved on by modern techniques to achieve efficient conversion of biomass into fuel, pyrolysis is one of Mankind’s earliest technologies, an ancient skill used in Pharaonic times to produce oleaginous embalming fluid for mummification. The same process is used today to refine oil.
Pyrolysis should not be confused with bio-chemical conversion (fermentation) of sugar-to-alcohol which is a capital-investment intensive (costly), slow, and itself an energy-consuming method producing the inferior ethanol not methanol. By contrast, pyrolysis produces the variety of liquid fuels and lubricants type-similar to gasoline and subterranean oil, but without pollution.
Pyrolysis is the decomposing of biomass (fresh or fossil) by the heat of anaerobic (reduced air) combustion which converts organic material into gases and/or fuel oils.
In this way, Cannabis Biomass is the direct substitute for the fossilised biomass of coal and petroleum. With the hot ‘off-gases’ collected, which cool to condense into liquid fuels, pyrolysis is also known in modern refining as ‘thermochemical decomposition’ or as ‘wood distillation’, or as ‘destructive distillation’.
Methanol has been the official fuel to power the racing cars of the famed Indy 500 Series for the last thirty years. Ridiculously, because of prohibition, it is synthesised by costly energy-consuming industrial procedures from subterranean oil, instead of from cost-free by-products of cannabis.
THE FREE SOURCE OF WORLD FUEL-ENERGY.
N.B. When cannabis is cultivated for its profitable nutritious seed-food (which, as noted, does not contain relaxant ingredients), all the by-products listed above (which are source to literally thousands of commerical products), are derived from a resource which is thus production-cost-free (i.e. free).
To recapitulate, the free fibres and free cellulose-rich wood-hurd bulk residues, flowertops and foliage, yield economical (cheap) cannabis products which include the illimitable fuel and energy, all types of plastic products, fine-grade yarn and Dresden Cotton ®, textiles, paper, cardboard, newsprint, man-made fibres (by cellulosic polymerisation, e.g. nylon), medication, lightweight building materials (Isochanvre ®) etc.
A. The U.S. National "Soil Bank’s" registered fallow land (circa 89 million acres) can be planted with soil-enriching, non-depletive cannabis as a fallow rotation crop, producing enough Cannabis-Methanol, oil, lubricants and BTU-gas for all North American land, sea and air transportation requirements.
B. Dresden Cotton ® is the name given to the textile product made by the cheap cold-chlorination process which converts (production-cost-free, i.e. free) cannabis fibres, making them indistinguishable from cotton. By adding the Mississippi Cotton Region to the acreage of the national Soil Bank, sufficient cannabis fuel is produced for all foreseeable U.S. power-plant production of electricity for industrial and domestic use.
Ergo: The energy-voracious U.S. nation thereby becomes not only self-sufficient, but a net fuel-energy exporter -- without planting up a single new acre nor subtracting land area from current food production.
Cannabis Sativa Hemp Cannot Be Patented;
and It Can Be Cultivated Easily Everywhere.
NOTE. Correctly-speaking, hemp and cannabis are synonymous (i.e., words of the same meaning). The word ‘hemp’ is the ancient and modern Anglo-Saxon English word for the genus named cannabis by the Science of Botany, and includes all varieties and species. Marijuana (‘Mary-Jane’) is merely a Mexican colloquialism. The U.S. and U.K. legislation of control (prohibition) is an incompetent tangle of incorrectitude and perjuries.
THE REPORT, Cannabis: The Facts, Human Rights and the Law ISBN 9781902848204 is about cannabis sativa / hemp. Sativa is the smoker’s preferred variety for personal relaxant or medication, and includes all the various species popularly called ‘skunk’.
This very same variety, Sativa, is also the superior species for all industrial purposes, providing profitable nutritious staple seed-food (which does not contain relaxant); and the production-cost-free (i.e. FREE) by-product, cellulose-rich wood-hurds, as the biomass resource to fuel-energy, plastics, paper, etc.
"Industrial hemp," which is the ‘THC-free’ ruderalis and related hybrids, is licensed in some countries and comprises a puny species, low in yield of seed, fibre, and not more than 50-60 per cent (including roots) of the biomass bulk of the real cannabis sativa. In France and Germany we have visited farms where it is cultivated. This so-called "industrial hemp" is hopelessly inadequate for the industrial uses for which it purports to be licensed. The word "industrial" applied to this weak, measly plant, is a misnomer deliberately employed to mislead farmers (and others) into thinking it could be sufficiently productive for industrial purposes.
The ‘THC-free’ "industrial hemp" will not go far to replace oil, coal, and uranium for fuel-energy; nor provide the food staple needed by the starving millions; let alone stopping the use of trees for paper, resourcing the lightweight building material, Isochanvre ®, the modern furniture materials, and replacing oil for plastics and man-made fibres, and so on.
If this phony "industrial" hemp ever gets fully legalised it will be a foregone failure -- and that is exactly what the government-corporate vested interests intend.
By contrast, Cannabis Sativa Hemp is the full-blooded relaxant plant. It grows prolifically up to and over 15 feet (c. 5 metres), and has the relaxant and health-promoting properties. Yet, approximately half the weight of the large female plant at maturity is comprised of seed, rich in the amino acids requisite for the correct functioning of the human immune system.
NET ZERO-EMISSION CANNABIS.
Combustion of Cannabis-Methanol, CH3OH, emits only water H2O (as steam) and carbon dioxide CO2. Regarding CO2 emission, on combustion, the carbon bonds with oxygen: CO2 is released into the atmosphere; but, an equivalent quantity of carbon is absorbed by the next fuel-crop in cultivation. This is termed a ‘closed-cycle’ to signify no net increase of atmospheric CO2 is produced by the use of cannabis for fuels. Similarly, the cannabis crop itself has been formed by photosynthesis, subtracting from carbon already in the atmosphere.
Misuse of uranium and the finite, diminishing quantity of astronomically-priced fossils as ‘fuel’, benefits only the government-corporate Owners of these poisoning underground minerals; absolutely nobody else…
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"From the early hunter-gatherer, nomadic, and tribal agrarian forms of human organisation, to the establishment of permanent urban communities, through the Ancient and Medieval Eras, the small numbers of people on our planet relied principally for their energy supplies upon the abundance of trees and firewood. Demand for fuel-energy was limited and easily satisfied. Fuel was a trifling factor in the Cost of Production of artefacts."
"In the Modern Era, local forests having been felled, growing populations availed themselves of coal, oil, natural gas and, eventually, uranium. The disadvantages of nuclear fission, not least of which involves the inevitable proliferation of plutonium availability (the matter of hydrogen fusion bombs) swiftly made themselves evident. Not so obvious, at first, was the danger from the misuse of fossils as ‘fuel’, which has given rise to the destructive phenomenon, Global Warming, a threat of gravest potential to the ecosphere [the atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environment]."
MACROECONOMICS:
ULTERIOR MONEY-MOTIVE.
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"Hegemony, in the physical rather than moral sense, that is, politico-military power and leadership, derives from ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of wealth. Appropriation, or misappropriation, of the sources of fuel-energy became crucial to those with commercial interest and/or political ambition.
Acquisition of Ownership of subterranean minerals was facilitated by the expedient of government legislation and by monopoly: the licensing of preferred (state or private) corporations to exclusive trade in the invaluable energy resources. Thus, the People are forced to pay two ‘Owners’ for fuel."
"Governments’ fiscal intervention (exorbitant duties, taxation) has led to fuel-energy becoming the principal component in the industrial production of wealth, today accounting for not less than four-fifths (4/5) of the Cost of Production of Gross World Product: all extracted resources, commercial goods, food and services."
The Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation shows readers of THE REPORT (with instructions and diagrams) how Cannabis-Methanol is easily made at home or anywhere for free in a simple cast-iron oven, RELEGALISATION achieving the Universal Re-Democratisation of Fuel-Energy Production (URFEP). This yields to domestic, small-scale and localised private enterprises, the profits which currently accrue undeservedly to giant corporations and oil-producing countries’ governments.
The CBEE proffers free and duty-free fuel everywhere; it makes the outrageous duties and taxes on fuel uncollectable; and it eliminates the unwarranted government-corporate monopolistic stranglehold on fuel-energy supply.
The well-supported CBEE © is not available in any other author’s work. (See Reviews and Endorsements above.)
The unnatural political intervention in the cost of fuel-energy is counter-productive, causing a crushing disincentive to the world’s production of wealth, food and material goods. It produces poor people everywhere, poverty and famine on the world scale. Moreover, politicians compound their traitorous, judicable inhumanity with abject corruption and ulterior crime:
Susceptible, manipulated and overwhelmed by their venality, and intensely driven by the desire to retain the hegemony which derives from monopoly and control over fuel-energy supply, government-corporate vested interests of all political persuasions install the fraudulent Prohibition of the world’s most prolific and economical fuel-energy resource: cannabis sativa.
Not only the U.S., Britain, India, Japan and the industrialised world, but also the other peoples of Asia, Africa and South America should take special note:
THE REPORT’s legal studies and exposition, together with the Economics of The CBEE and its associated political and social facts, amount to a philosophy and a unique solution: The RESTORATION Program. Adoption of this Program proffers a beneficent transformation to mankind’s socio-political modus vivendi, and to the global economy. It enables an exponential amelioration of the entire world population’s Standard of Living, while simultaneously eradicating poverty and famine.
THE REPORT quotes legal grounds (national and international) which demonstrate numerous infractions of laws by the prohibition legislation, and which show all acts of its enforcement to be crime per se. All citizens persecuted thereunder are due Amnesty and Restitution (as for other Wrongful Penalisation).
Quotation from THE REPORT:
"Cannabis Prohibition is the greatest fraud of all time: the pernicious effects of this crime are myriad, extreme and ubiquitous. Readers assimilate that Prohibition is the direct cause of: War (e.g. Iraqi invasion of Kuwait to acquire hegemony over oil); Crime; astronomical world energy, resource and food prices, with disastrous and homicidal corollary effects; world poverty; world famine; industrial and automotive emissions poisoning air; photochemical smog and Acid Rain; desertification; the Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming and fatally catastrophic weather; and that RESTORATION is the immediate Scientific Solution."
With modern technical and scientific evidence, collated from the esoteric Findings of Fact and Conclusions of the empirical studies conducted by world-respected academic and research institutions, presented in consideration of existing laws, national and international, THE REPORT ISBN 9781902848204 constitutes the formal public indictment of Western (and other) governments: i.e. the money-motivated prohibitionists who have framed and maintain legislation which is demonstrated by THE REPORT to be unfounded, crime-producing, inequitable, venal, and perjurious.
Incidentally, by RELEGALISATION each continent is capable of producing surplus cannabis-fuel for all energy needs, which eliminates transport by ocean-going oil-tankers, rendering their related environmental disasters a thing of the past. By their Prohibition, politicians are directly accountable for all the repeated ecological catastrophes.
Implementation of The RESTORATION Program delineated in THE REPORT will radically ameliorate the entire world population’s quality of life.
THE REPORT. Exposition on Cannabis in contexts of:
AGRICULTURE (FOOD)/ ALCOHOL/ ALTERNATIVE ENERGY/
CANNABIS BIOMASS ENERGY EQUATION (CBEE)/
CANNABIS BIOMASS RESOURCE & PYROLYSIS FUNCTIONS (CBRPF)/
CANNABIS-METHANOL (RENEWABLE POLLUTION-FREE) FUEL
TECHNOLOGY/ CLIMATE CHANGE/ CONSTITUTION/ CRIMINOLOGY/
‘DECRIMINALISATION’ (THE FALLACY OF)/ ECOLOGY/
ECONOMICS/ EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS OF FACT, DEFINITIVE/
ENVIRONMENT/ GANJA/ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE/
GLOBAL WARMING/ GREENHOUSE EFFECT/ HEALTH/ HEMP/ HISTORY/
ILLEGALITY OF THE STATUS QUO, THE/
JURY NULLIFICATION/ LAW/ MARIJUANA/ MEDICINE/
NATURAL RESOURCES/ POLITICS/ POT/
PROHIBITION: THE PROGENITOR OF CRIME/ RELEGALISATION/
SATIVA/ SINGLE CONVENTION TREATY/ SOCIOLOGY/ TOBACCO/
TRIAL BY JURY/
UNIVERSAL RE-DEMOCRATISATION OF FUEL-ENERGY PRODUCTION (URFEP)/
WAR ON DRUGS
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